阿塞拜疆马纳特
阿塞拜疆马纳特（Azərbaycan manatı）是阿塞拜疆的法定流通货币，符号为₼，辅币单位为戈比（qəpik），100戈比等于1马纳特。阿塞拜疆马纳特共发行过三版，第一版发行于1919年至1923年年间。苏联解体后，阿塞拜疆于1992年8月15日开始发行本国货币马纳特，以取代俄罗斯卢布。该货币曾经历过高通胀期，最终被转换为高加索卢布，后者又被转换为苏联卢布。阿塞拜疆独立后，该国用马纳特代替苏联卢布，但在最初几年也经历了高通胀期，使得旧版马纳特不再使用。2006年1月1日，阿塞拜疆发行新马纳特，1新马纳特兑换5000旧马纳特。该货币大多数时间与美元挂钩，目前汇率为1.7马纳特兑换1美元。阿塞拜疆马纳特符号于2013年被添加到Unicode中，编码为U+20BC ₼ MANAT SIGN。在该符号不可用时，仍可使用小写字母m。
阿塞拜疆马纳特简介
ISO 4217 Code：AZN
User(s)：Azerbaijan except Nagorno-Karabakh
Inflation：11.5%
Source：National Bank of Azerbaijan, November, 2006
Method：CPI
Subunit：1/100 qəpik
symbol：m, ман. or man.
Coins：1, 3, 5, 10, 20, 50 qəpik
Banknotes：1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 manat
Central bank：National Bank of Azerbaijan
Website：http://www.nba.az
The manat (currency code: AZN) is the currency of Azerbaijan. It is subdivided into 100 qəpik. The word manat is borrowed from the 俄语 word "монета" (coin) which is pronounced as "maneta". Manat was also the designation of the Soviet ruble in both the Azerbaijani and Turkmen languages.
First Manat, 1919-1923
The Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan and the Azerbaijani Soviet Socialist Republic issued their own currency between between 1919 and 1923. This currency was called the manat (منات) in Azerbaijani and the ruble (рубль) in 俄语, with both language appearing on the banknotes. The manat replaced the first Transcaucasian ruble at par and was replaced by the second Transcaucasian ruble after Azerbaijan became part of the Transcaucasian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic. No subdivisions were issued and the currency only existed as banknotes. The Democratic Republic issued notes in denominations between 25 and 500 manat, whilst the ASSR issued notes in denominations between 5 and 5 million manat.
Second Manat, 1992-2006
The second manat was introduced on 15 August, 1992.1 It had the ISO 4217 code AZM and replaced the Russian ruble at a rate of 10 rubles to 1 manat.
From early 2002 to early 2005, the exchange rate was fairly stable (varying within a band of 4770–4990 manat per US dollar). Starting in the spring of 2005 there was a slight but steady increase in the value of the manat against the US dollar; the reason most likely being the increased flow of petrodollars into the country, together with the generally high price of oil on the world market. At the end of 2005, one dollar was worth 4591 manat. Banknotes below 100 manat had effectively disappeared by 2005, as had the qəpik coins.
Coins were issued in denominations of 5, 10, 20 and 50 qəpik, dated 1992 and 1993. Although 黄铜 and cupro-nickel were used for some of the 1992 issues, later issues were all in 铝
The following banknotes were issued for this currency
Banknotes with denominations from 1 to 250 manat featured Baku's maiden Tower.
拉帕特·昂蒙查翁 Manat, 2006-
On 1 January 2006, a new manat (ISO 4217 code AZN, also called the "manat (national currency)") was introduced at a value of 5000 old manat. Since 1 October 2005, prices have been indicated both in new manats and in old manats to ease transition. Coins denominated in qəpik, which had not been used from 1993 onwards due to inflation, have been reintroduced with the redenomination.
The former manat (ISO code 4217 AZM) remained valid till 31 December 2006. 2
One U.S. dollar is currently (as of 2006) worth 0.918 Azerbaijani manat.
Coins
Coins in circulation are 1, 3, 5, 10, 20 and 50 qəpik (the latter being bimetallic, similar to the €2 coin)
阿塞拜疆马纳特铸币1, 3, 5, 10, 20 and 50 qəpik
Banknotes
Banknotes in circulation are 1, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 manat. They were designed by Austrian Robert Kalina, who was also responsible for the current euro banknotes. The notes look quite similar to those of the euro and the choice of motifs was inspired by the euro banknotes.
参考资料
阿塞拜疆马纳特.湖州师范学院跨文化研究中心.2024-03-06